Advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Since the first successful allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in 1972 by Dr. Thomas, the technique has gained importance worldwide. It has become potentially curative for many neoplastic and nonmalignant disorders. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells has progressed and evolved because of the ability to apply new transplant concepts with this therapy, such as cord blood transplantation (CBT) and, more recently, haploidentical donor transplants. These advances have allowed for a broader range of donors. On the other hand, strategies to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, is a viable alternative. Many strategies for GVHD prophylaxis are in course in many preclinical or clinical studies. Pitfalls, such as graft rejection, severe GVHD and patient immune suppression are becoming less harmful as the advances in the field progresses.